Scientific Revolution

The π (PI), Degree º and Space/Time

The Thinker

To strangers, acquaintances, relatives, supposed friends, and teachers to whom I turned for support and who chose omission or ridicule, my heartfelt thanks. Their inertia and indifference contributed, in a positive way, to the completion of this Study.

"Imagination is more important than Knowledge."

Albert Einstein

"

To the Skeptics

Biography

Derci Gomes Silveira, Brazilian, married, residing in Vitória, Espírito Santo, born in Iúna-ES, formerly a district of Ibatiba (now a municipality), born on December 15, 1940. Retired banker and lawyer, graduated from the Federal University of the State of Espírito Santo.

Clarification About the Study

My interest in the Study arose in 1961, while I was attending the first year of Science at the State College in Vitória. It was inspired by a Mathematics class on the Exact Value of π (PI), during which the teacher provided details about Units of Measurement and concluded his lecture with concepts of Pure Mathematics. His well-founded arguments awakened in me, in a subjective way, the desire to one day develop a Study on the same SUBJECT. That desire remained dormant until June 4, 1996, when I began the STUDY and submitted it, at that time, to the competent authorities for evaluation, analysis, VERIFICATION, and PUBLICATION.

Introduction

The Scientific Study hereby presented evolved from a Judgment of Reality to a Judgment of Value — that is, it began with how Values appear to be and reveals how They truly are.

Its beginning, on June 4th, 1996, more than twenty-eight years ago, marked a process that eliminated old Concepts, created new ones, and brought to Light the Exact Value of π (PI), resolving an ENIGMA that had persisted for centuries.

It revealed the True Value of the Degree, with the REDUCTION from Sixty Minutes (60’) to Two Minutes (2’), consequently REDUCING the Current Year from 365 days and 6 hours to the Real Year of 360 days.

It also revealed the precise Relationship between Space and Time: “Minute Equivalent to Millimeter.” (Silveira, D.G).

The Study measured the Mathematical Point, adjusted the Inch to the Real Meter, and established the Table of Successions.

The System used to obtain the True Values was a Logical System — classified as LUNATIC — for I believe that the True Values are the TELESCOPE through which we expand our Horizon.

Preliminary Remarks

The Study hereby presented focuses on the Exact Value of (PI), the Correction of the Degree, the Relationship between Space and Time, the Measurement of the Mathematical Point, and related topics.

Regarding the Exact Value of (PI), the Study is centered on three distinct elements: the Square, the Circumference, and the Meter.

π (PI) is a number that transcends from the Virtual Circumscribed Square, inherent to the Circumference, and this transcendence corresponds—based on the Real Meter—exactly to eighty percent (80%) of that Square.

This percentage of transcendence does not vary whether the Unit of Measurement is below or beyond the Real Meter.

The complexity and irrationality surrounding the Exact Value of π (PI) originate from the Unit of Measurement. The Study demonstrated that the Meter is not Conventional, but rather a Real Unit of Measurement.

Due to this anomaly, the Triple Aspect of the Meter was established:

  1. Real Meter,

  2. Conventional Meter, and

  3. Resultant Meter — subdivided into the Real Resultant Meter (MRR*) or the Conventional Resultant Meter (MCR*).

The Real Resultant Meter (MRR) corresponds to the Real Meter (MR) just as the Conventional Resultant Meter (MCR) corresponds to the Conventional Meter (MC),
according to the π (PI) values described below:

a) π (PI) = 3.102 – For the Real Resultant Meter (MRR) → (969.375 mm/MRR).
b) π (PI) = 3.151 – For the Conventional Resultant Meter (MCR) → (984.687.5 mm/MCR).

π (PI) values of 3.102 and 3.151, though distinct, both originate from Space, relative to the Resultant Meter (see Graphs/Meter and its Triple Aspect), constituting the ENIGMA of π (PI), now UNVEILED.

The Real Meter is the Real Resultant Meter REDIMENSIONED by the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter.

1 mm/MRR = 0.969.375 mm/MRR = π = 3.102*
or
1 mm/MCR = 0.984.687.5 mm/MCR* = π = 3.151

The Enigma of π (PI)

THE METER AND ITS TRIPLE ASPECT

A) Real Meter / RM – The Real Meter Resultant, redimensioned by the FRACTION 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter;

B) Conventional Meter / CM – The Current Meter = 1.000 mm/CM;

C) Resultant Meter / MRR or MCR – The Real Resultant Meter (MRR*) or the Conventional Resultant Meter (MCR*).

(1 mm/MRR = 0.969.375 mm/MRR* = π (PI) 3.102*)
or
(1 mm/MCR = 0.984.687.5 mm/MCR* = π (PI) 3.151*)

THE ENIGMA OF π (PI)

THE TRIPLE ASPECT OF THE METER

REDIMENSIONING OF THE METER

The Study undertaken on the Exact Value of π (PI) demonstrated that the existing complexity and irrationality originate from the Unit of Measurement.

The Current Conventional Meter falls short of the Real Unit of Measurement, and the way to eliminate this anomaly is through the Redimensioning of the Real Resultant Meter.

During the course of the Study, the Triple Aspect of the Meter was identified:

  1. Real Meter;

  2. Conventional Meter; and

  3. Resultant Meter.

The Resultant Meter is subdivided into the Real Resultant Meter (MRR)* or the Conventional Resultant Meter (MCR)*.
THE ENIGMA OF π (PI)

The redimensioning by the FRACTION 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter will transform the Real Resultant Meter into a Real Unit of Measurement.

Considering the Real Resultant Meter (MRR) of 969.375 mm/MRR, one millimeter corresponds to 0.969.375 mm/MRR (π = 3.102); when increased by the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter, it becomes a Real Millimeter (1 mm/MR), and consequently, π (PI) becomes 3.2 (three point two).

Thus, we can conclude that the Redimensioned Real Resultant Meter, by the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter, is transformed into a Real Unit of Measurement.

CALCULATIONS AND REDIMENSIONING GRAPH

THE EXACT VALUE OF π (PI)

1 – π (PI) 3.102 (Real Resultant Meter / MRR)

2 – π (PI) 3.14 (Real Resultant Meter / MRR)

3 – π (PI) 3.151 (Conventional Resultant Meter / MCR)

4 – π (PI) 3.168 (Conventional Resultant Meter / MCR)

5 – π (PI) 3.2 (Real Meter / RM)

STATEMENTS

1) Every π (PI) is Exact.

2) π (PI) is approximate when its value is lower than that of the subsequent π (PI).

3) π (PI) 3.102 (three point one zero two), Real Resultant Meter / MRR, is approximate to π (PI) 3.14 (three point fourteen).

4) π (PI) 3.14 (three point fourteen), Real Resultant Meter / MRR, corresponds to π (PI) 3.168 (three point one hundred and sixty-eight), Conventional Resultant Meter / MCR.

5) π (PI) 3.151 (three point one hundred and fifty-one), Conventional Resultant Meter / MCR, is approximate to π (PI) 3.168 (three point one hundred and sixty-eight).

6) π (PI) 3.102 (three point one zero two), Real Resultant Meter / MRR*, corresponds to π (PI) 3.151 (three point one hundred and fifty-one), Conventional Resultant Meter / MCR*; THE ENIGMA OF π (PI)

7) The Value of π (PI) for the Real Meter / RM, after Redimensioning (as shown in the illustrative graph), will be π = 3.2 (three point two).

8) It is a sine qua non condition that every Meter must have its dimension divided into one thousand equal parts, called millimeters.

REAL NUMBERS

Real Numbers are Rational Numbers. The irrationality of Real Numbers arises from their comparison with the Conventional Unit of Measurement.

DEGREE

Degree: It is a Space/Time Fraction corresponding to two minutes (2’), equivalent to a Space/Time Fraction corresponding to one sixth of a millimeter (1/6 mm).

The Space/Time relative to one minute (1’) is equivalent to the Space/Time of one millimeter (1 mm), and this Space/Time corresponds to six degrees (6º), thus justifying the three hundred and sixty degrees of the Circumference (360º).

SEXAGESIMAL DIVISION OF THE CORRECTED CIRCUMFERENCE

We know that the Current Year has 365 days and 6 hours, distributed over 12 months as follows:
7 months with 31 days, 4 months with 30 days, and 1 month with 28 or 29 days, depending on the accumulation of 6 extra hours, which give rise to the leap year with 366 days.

Due to the correction of the Degree, carried out in the Sexagesimal Division of the Circumference — reducing the value of the Degree from 60 minutes (60’) to 2 minutes (2’) — we determined, according to the processed data and Calculations, the Real Year as having 360 days, also distributed into 12 months.
However, all months have 30 days, all days have 24 hours, all hours have 60 minutes (60’), and all minutes have 60 seconds (60”).

The difference observed between both is 5 days and 6 hours, or 126 hours, or 7,560 Minutes (7,560’).
This total, expressed in Real Minutes — knowing that one Minute is equivalent to one Millimeter (Space/Time Relationship) — corresponds to 7,328.475’/RM or 5 days, 2 hours, 8’ and 28.5”;
plus 8,547.525’/RM or 5 days, 22 hours, 27’ and 31.5”, giving us the total of 15,876’/RY.

The 360 Days/Current Year, in Real Minutes, correspond to 502,524’/RY; by adding 15,876’/RY, we obtain the total of 518,400’/RY, which, when divided by 1,440 minutes/day, gives us the Real Year of 360 Days.

Fusion

Current Year / 365 days and 6 hours = 525,960’/CY × 0.969.375’ = 509,852.475’/RY
Real Year / 360 days = 509,852.475’/RY + 8,547.525’/RY = 518,400’/RY
Increase in the Real Year: 8,547.525’/RY = 5 days, 22 hours, 27’ and 31.5”
(1’/Current Year = 0.969.375’ + 0.030.625’ = 1’/Real Year)

IRREFUTABLE PROOFS

SPACE/TIME RELATIONSHIP

Space/Time is subordinated to distinct Units of Measurement:
a) The Unit of Measurement of Space is the Meter, divided into Millimeters, Centimeters, and Decimeters;
b) The Unit of Measurement of Time is the Clock, divided into Minutes, Hours, and Days.

The Unit of Measurement of Space is LINEAR, and the Unit of Measurement of Time is CIRCULAR.

The Space/Time Relationship is a RELATIONSHIP OF EQUIVALENCE:
Minute is Equivalent to Millimeter.” (Silveira, D.G.)

Space/Time, according to a French expression, is:
c’est tous la même chose” (it’s all the same thing).

The Space/Time of one Minute (1’) in a CIRCULAR form corresponds exactly to the Space/Time of one Millimeter (1 mm) in a LINEAR form.

The Space/Time corresponding to one Minute (1’) is UNIFORM and COUPLED, yet Variable due to Acceleration and Velocity.

This Space/Time is subject to the same Redimensioning Procedure as the Space/Time of one Millimeter (1 mm).

It is a sine qua non condition that every Clock must have its Circumference divided into Sixty Equal Fractions, called Minutes.

The Study on the Exact Value of π (PI) — following the Redimensioning of the Real Resultant Meter by the fraction 0.030625 mm per Millimeter, transforming it into a Real Unit of Measurement; the Correction of the Degree from Sixty Minutes (60’) to Two Minutes (2’); and the Space/Time Relationship, “Minute Equivalent to Millimeter” — provided the necessary elements to enumerate and define the essential requirements inherent to the Standard Clock.

THE STANDARD CLOCK

A) Real Resultant Meter / MRR (Current Year with 365 Days and 6 Hours)

B) Conventional Resultant Meter / MCR (Current Year with 365 Days and 6 Hours)

C) Real Meter / RM (Year with 360 Days)

The Real Year, with 360 Days, after the Redimensioning of the Real Resultant Meter by the fraction 0.030625 mm per Millimeter, transforming it into a Real Unit of Measurement; after the Reduction of the Degree Value, through the Correction from Sixty Minutes (60’) to Two Minutes (2’); and considering the Space/Time Relationship, “Minute Equivalent to Millimeter,” is greater than the Current Year, with 365 Days and 6 Hours, as demonstrated by the previous Calculations:
8,547.525’/RY, which correspond to 5 days, 22 hours, 27’ and 31.5”.

CONCLUSION

MEASUREMENT OF THE MATHEMATICAL POINT

The Study developed on the Exact Value of π (PI) added the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter for the Redimensioning of the Real Resultant Meter, transforming it into a Real Unit of Measurement.

Based on the Real Meter and the calculations performed, it became evident that the Area of the inscribed Circumference corresponds exactly to eighty percent (80%) of the Area of the Virtual Circumscribed Square, thereby justifying the transcendence of π (PI).

Considering the Real Unit of Measurement, after Redimensioning, one Millimeter (1 mm/MR) corresponds to one hundred (100) times the scale of zero point zero ten millimeter (0.010 mm/MR) and ten (10) times the same scale (0.010 mm/MR), giving rise to a line segment that corresponds exactly to one tenth (1/10) of a millimeter.
In sequence, a Square measuring ten (10) times the scale 0.010 mm/MR on each side has, consequently, a Perimeter of 0.4 mm/MR, that is, a Constant.

Therefore, we can conclude that the space of one Millimeter/MR (1 mm/MR) is composed of ten (10) Squares, each with a Perimeter of 0.4 mm/MR, which are denominated Constants.

Based on the above exposition, one Constant corresponds to one tenth of a millimeter (1/10 mm/MR), and eighty percent (80%) of the Constant is the Measured Mathematical Point, measuring, accordingly, 0.32 mm/MR in Perimeter.
With this Logical Argumentation, we carried out the Calculations and Measured the Mathematical Point, as shown below:

MEASUREMENT OF THE CURRENT MATHEMATICAL POINT

ADAPTATION OF THE INCH TO THE REAL METER

As a result of the Redimensioning of the Real Resultant Meter, by the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter, transforming it into a Real Unit of Measurement, we are adapting the INCH to the REAL METER, as evidenced by the Calculations.

Adjustment: 984.885 mm/MRR + 15.115 mm/MRR = 1.000 mm/MR

TABLE OF SUCCESSIONS

The Study developed on the Exact Value of π (PI) Redimensioned the Real Resultant Meter by the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter, transforming it into a Real Unit of Measurement.

Founded on the Real Meter, consequently establishing π (PI) = 3.2 (three point two), and considering that the Square and the Circumference are Circles that differ by FORM and SPACE, we constructed the Table of Successions, as demonstrated by the Graphs and Calculations below.

Calculations

S.O.S VERIFICATION!!!

You didn’t come this far to stop

To verify the STATEMENTS obtained through this Study, three (3) Procedures are required:

1 – Redimension the Real Resultant Meter by the fraction 0.030625 mm/MRR per millimeter, transforming it into a Real Unit of Measurement;

2 – Correct the Degree from Sixty Minutes (60’) to Two Minutes (2’);

3 – Manufacture the Standard Clock, with my authorization, with a Diameter of 18.75 mm/MR (eighteen point seventy-five millimeters); consequently, the Circumference will be Sixty Minutes (60’), thereby establishing the Space/Time Relationship, “Minute Equivalent to Millimeter.”

This Study is of Scientific Nature. After Verification, I request the support of the Scientific Community, so that we may align it with the requirements demanded of a Scientific Study and publish it.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

I am presenting to the Scientific Community, for review, analysis, and laboratory verification, a Study of Scientific Nature, developed on the Exact Value of π (PI), the Correction of the Degree, the Space/Time Relationship, the Measurement of the Mathematical Point, and related concepts.

I would like to emphasize that the Study, in its entirety, introduces nothing new except for the precise Relationship between Space and Time, which establishes the consequent Minute/Millimeter Equivalence (Equivalent Unit of Measurement). It becomes interesting and relevant due to the demonstration — through the Corrections and Calculations performed — of the True Values of π (PI), Degree, Millimeter, Centimeter, Meter, Second, Minute, Hour, Day, Month, Year, Measurement of the Mathematical Point, and so forth.

I wish to record that this Study remains open, and may be rationalized, simplified, or expanded, however, it shall never be refuted.

I also wish to clarify that any deficiencies present in the Study are substantial only in form, as a result of the author’s limitations, yet they do not affect its essence.

Furthermore, I wish to make it clear that I am not a Teacher, not a Physicist, not a Mathematician, and not a Scientist — I am a Lawyer, hereby requesting verification.

Certain of the attention that this Study deserves, and awaiting Support, Scientific Verification, and Publication, I remain,

Respectfully,

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